Angiosurgeons argue that varicose veins is such a pathological process, as a result of which the venous wall changes with subsequent valve deficiency.
Reasons
The exact causes of varicose veins are not yet known.Based on epidemiological studies, it was found that a genetic predisposition affects the pathological process.
The predisposing factors are also known, from which varicose veins can appear:
- violation of the hormonal background (menopause, intake of estrogen);
- overweight;
- pregnancy;
- long static loads;
- wearing tight linen;
- constipation;
- surgical intervention (arteriovenous bypass);
- Development defects or obstruction of deep veins.
What does it look like?
Since varicose veins is a modification of veins, pathology is ranked not only to vascular diseases, but also to cosmetic problems:
- Patients first notice the occurrence of a venous pattern on the legs or the appearance of mesh veins.
- Later, the veins become convincing, raise the skin.
- In the far -reaching stages, varicose nodes are clearly visible, representing the confusion and expansion of the venous vessels.
Violation of tissue trophism leads to a change in skin pigmentation.
Stages (degree)
Several stages, or degrees, varicose veins are distinguished.With varicose veins of the 1st degree in patients, the so -called heavy legs syndrome is diagnosed.Often patients complain of cramps in the calf muscles and swelling, which disappears after rest.
With varicose veins of the 2nd degree, persistent edema occurs, impaired skin pigmentation, stagnant dermatitis.In advanced cases, trophic ulcers appear in the 3rd degree of disease.
The value of prevention
Knowing the predisposing factors of the occurrence of the disease, attention should be paid to the prevention of varicose veins:
- wearing comfortable shoes and underwear;
- minimization of labor associated with static loads and prolonged standing on the legs;
- physical education classes;
- Reception of vitamins: C, E, PP;
- Power correction.
If there is no way to change the work that is the cause of the occurrence of the disease, it is recommended to do unloading gymnastics during the day and drainage massage in the evening.Wearing elastic bandages and a contrast shower will help to avoid the disease.
Signs
Symptoms of varicose veins are diverse.The clinical picture depends on the course of the disease and localization of the varicose process.
Varicosis of the legs
The initial signs of varicose veins are:
- severity in the legs;
- stress in the legs;
- fatigue when walking;
- pastiness in the ankle joint (often in the evening);
- convulsions;
- Pain in the course of enlarged veins.
In women, symptoms are growing before menstruation.After rest, unpleasant sensations in the legs disappear.
Lymphatic deficiency in varicose veins leads to the development of cellulite, dermatosclerosis, trophic ulcers, and erysipelas.With severe violations of the venous outflow, patients complain of skin itching and dry skin in the area of the affected vein.
Gradually, at the place of violation of tissue trophism, the skin is thinner and atrophic.Hyper- or hypopigmentation develops.With the progression of the pathological process, cyanotic spots and trophic ulcers appear.
In a pronounced process, patients have complaints about:
- increased fatigue;
- heartbeat;
- shortness of breath.
These signs are associated with increased load on the heart muscle in connection with the deposit of blood in the venous line.
Reticular varicose veins of the lower extremities
A special manifestation of varicose veins is reticular varicose veins.Clinical manifestations of pathology:
- increasing local temperature in the ankle joint;
- fatigue and heaviness of the legs;
- Dense subcutaneous tissue.
Varicose veins of the esophagus
With a varicose expansion of the veins of the esophagus, an conviction and bags of blood vessels appears.The main cause of the development of the disease is portal hypertension.
The disease is manifested by the following signs:
- inflammation of the esophagus;
- burning, belching;
- anemia;
- Difficulty to swallow food.
A dangerous complication of pathology is massive bleeding from veins.The patient has vomiting with blood, hypotension, tachycardia, impaired consciousness.
Varicosis of the uterus
The forms of internal varicose veins include varicose veins of the uterus.The main reasons for the change in veins:
- physical activity;
- chronic constipation;
- pregnancy;
- taking hormonal contraceptives;
- developmental abnormalities;
- Abortion.
Women with uterine varicose veins are complaining about pain in the lower abdomen, violation of the menstrual cycle.The disease can lead to infertility.
Varicose veins of the labia
This type of varicose veins in pregnant women can develop from the second month of pregnancy.The disease develops if there was pelvic thrombosis or there is congenital angiodisplasia.
What varicose veins look like:
- expanded veins of vulva;
- Combs on the skin as a result of itching;
- swelling.
The disease is accompanied by dysuric disorders, bursting in the perineum.Danger is the development of acute thrombophlebitis, a rupture of a damaged vessel.
Varicose veins of a small pelvis
The first signs of varicose veins are pulling pain in the lower abdomen.There are several options for the course of this form of the disease:
- varicose veins and vulva;
- Pelvic venous plethora.
Clinical manifestations of pathology are observed in 30% of women during pregnancy.The disease is a purely female pathology.
Venous plethora is manifested by the following signs:
- severity and pain;
- pain during intercourse;
- dysmenorrhea;
- Urination disorder.
Varicocele
Varicosis of the seed cord in men is called varicocele.The disease leads to a violation of the venous outflow from the testicles.Patients complain of pulling pain in the scrotum, erectile dysfunction.When examining the testicles, expanded surface veins, asymmetry of the scrotum are visible.The reasons for the development of the disease include:
- physical activity;
- congenital deficiency of connective tissue;
- Tumors in the retroperitoneal space or pelvis.
With the progression of pathology, spermatogenesis is disturbed, which leads to infertility.The disease can be complicated by bleeding from affected vessels.
Varicose dermatitis
In addition to the characteristic clinical symptoms of progressive varicose veins, its complication should be noted - stagnant dermatitis.In patients, the skin over the affected veins begins to become thinner and itching.In places of inflammation, spots of dark or light color and peeling appear.
Localization of venous dermatitis is the lower leg and the ankle joint. With combs, the pathological process applies to healthy tissues.If the problem is ignored, inflammation goes into varicose eczema.
Varicose eczema
Inflammation is stubborn with periods of remission and relapse.Skin lesions are severely treated even after the humans.Due to a violation of microcirculation, the liquid part of the blood is seeped through the walls of the affected vessels.In the area above the varicose vein, swelling and weeping areas appear.
Bubbles filled with serous or serous-blade contents occur on the legs.With combs, an infection gets into the wounds.Merging, small bubbles form papules.After opening the vesicles, crusts appear.The healing site is thinned and covered with scales.During the exacerbation period, vesicles again occur.The progression of pathology leads to the formation of trophic ulcers.
Pain as a sign of the disease
Often patients complain of pain for varicose veins, which is enhanced by palpation of the affected vessel.In the initial stages, the sign is manifested slightly.A person feels weakness and pulling pain at the end of the day.In the morning, after rest, the symptoms disappear.In the late stages, pain syndrome occurs at night.
A combination of pain and seizures at night or after prolonged standing on the legs is considered a classic manifestation of varicose veins.
Characteristic localization of pain for varicose veins:
- overhead region;
- Trophilical ulcer zone;
- The calf muscle.
If an increase in the total temperature joins, this may indicate the beginning of the inflammatory process in Vienna - thrombophlebitis.
Vascular stars
Vascular stars are called telangioctasia.Pathology is manifested by the expansion of small subcutaneous vessels.On the skin manifests itself in the form of a net of vessels of purple or red.The causes of telangiectasias can be not only venous deficiency, but also:
- Diseases of connective tissue;
- pathologies of the hepatobiliary system;
- use of hormonal drugs;
- Endocrine diseases.
The vascular mesh manifests itself on the legs, face or buttocks.Telegioectasia is not a separate disease, but act as a symptom, representing more a cosmetic defect.
On the face
On the face, the appearance of a capillary mesh is called rosacea.It appears in case of violation of the rheological properties of blood, with arterial hypertension or diseases of the digestive system, the negative effects of low temperatures or when drinking alcohol.
In women, the main cause of telangiectasia is hormonal restructuring.The gold standard for eliminating the defect is laser coagulation.
On the feet
On the legs, the vascular mesh appears as a result of venous stagnation.Violet nets often accompany varicose veins.As the diseases of telangiectasia is progressed, increase.Even after the removal of the veins, the capillary mesh remains.The methods of its elimination are scleroderma, radio frequency ablation, endovasal laser coagulation.
How to get rid of?
Before getting rid of varicose veins, they are carried out by comprehensive diagnostics.Patients show laboratory methods of blood and urine examination, detection of reflux for subcutaneous veins, functional samples.Of the instrumental techniques, they are assigned:
- ultrasound duplex or triplex scanning;
- X -ray contract phlebography;
- magnetic resonance phlebography;
- Multispiral computer angiography with contrast.
After determining the degree of varicose veins, the issue of applying treatment methods - surgical surgery or conservative therapy.
Who treats?
If the first symptoms occur, you should contact the clinic to a phlebologist or angiosurgeon. In district medical facilities, surgeons are engaged in this disease.It should be understood that the experience and qualifications of those who treat varicose veins play a decisive role in eliminating the problem.Therefore, it is better to contact specialized centers.
What treatment is needed?
With damage to the vessels of the lower extremities, the following main methods are used:
- surgery;
- sclerosing therapy;
- Conservative treatment.
In advanced cases, methods are combined.In chronic venous insufficiency with damage to the valve apparatus of blood vessels and signs of thrombophlebitis, vein removal (phlebectomy) is indicated.The methods of surgical intervention with the minimum nature of invasion include:
- Thermal ablation of veins: radio frequency, laser, microwave, steam;
- Nonertic ablation: chemical with sclerosurizing drugs and mechanochemical.
In order to reduce the symptoms of the disease, systemic therapy is prescribed by drugs.Patients are prescribed:
- antibiotics in inflammatory processes and trophic ulcers;
- antiseptics;
- phleboprotectors;
- tissue reparation stimulants;
- anticoagulants;
- topical steroids with trophic ulcers;
- Local use of heparin -containing drugs.
The condition for the effective elimination of varicose veins is compression therapy using elastic bandages, golfs, tights.A popular bandage method is a zinc-wewatin bandage for trophic disorders.
What helps better?
Preparations and compression bandages (knitwear) are prescribed only by a doctor, taking into account the stage of the disease, its complications, accompanying pathologies and the age of the patient.Therefore, what helps with varicose veins better, a phlebologist should tell.
It should be understood that treatment only with drugs will not eliminate the pathology, as well as the wearing of compression knitwear.
Varicose veins in most cases are eliminated only surgically in combination with other methods of therapy.
How to remove itching?
To get rid of itching with varicose veins, you need to know how to remove it.Doctors prescribe moisturizing therapeutic ointments (you can use children's cream).With severe itching and peeling of the skin, drugs with hormones are prescribed.
They use compresses with decoctions of herbs with an anti -inflammatory effect (chamomile, calendula, sage, a series, hop cones).
What is dangerous?
The consequences of varicose veins include phlebitis, trophic ulcers, thrombophlebitis, menstrual violation, erectile dysfunction, infertility.The formation of a thrombus and bleeding from the affected vessels is what varicose veins are dangerous.
The torn blood cloths from the lower extremities in a second fall into a small circle of blood circulation, causing thromboembolism of the pulmonary artery.
With bleeding without emergency medical care, a person loses a lot of blood.All these complications lead to disability or death without adequate treatment.
Conclusions
Varicosis refers to a common pathology.It develops in people with a hereditary predisposition with excessive static and dynamic loads, as well as with their prolonged absence.
The disease leads to serious complications, so if the first signs occur, it is necessary to contact a phlebologist.
You can get rid of the problem only with an integrated approach.
Patients show surgical methods of treatment, medication, wearing compression knitwear and lifestyle correction.